While a woman with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 is statistically more likely to develop breast cancer than a woman without this genetic alteration, not every woman with an altered BRCA1 or BRCA2 will get breast cancer. Remember, genetics is just one of a myriad of risks. An altered gene in itself is not capable of causing cancer.
The first step after testing positive for a genetic abnormality is to consult with your doctor. Together you can determine the best course of action. You and your doctor can decide on a preventive strategy. Strategies include:
Risk avoidance. Risk avoidance involves engaging in behaviors believed to reduce your risk of cancer, such as changing dietary habits, limiting alcohol consumption, exercising regularly and losing excess weight. This step is generally recommended for everyone, whatever your risk level.
Diligent Surveillance. Surveillance for breast cancer means having clinical breast exams and mammograms at least once a year. Monthly breast self-examination is also vital - it will give you a sense of breast familiarity, which can help you detect any changes in your breasts.
Preventative Measures. If you test positive for a genetic abnormality and have other compelling risk factors, you may elect to take a more pro-active approach, such as taking a medication such as tamoxifen which could help reduce your risk of developing breast cancer. You might also want to consider preventative (prophylactic) surgical removal of your breasts, ovaries, or both before cancer has the opportunity to develop. Participating in a clinical trial in breast cancer prevention may be another option for exploring alternative methods or medications for confronting risk. |
