An "arm" of a clinical trial (study) of a new treatment means the group of patients receiving a certain type of therapy.
For example, one arm of a clinical trial may consist of patients receiving a new type of pill, whereas the other arm may consist of patients receiving a standard-of-care medication. Alternatively, one arm of a clinical trial may consist of patients receiving a new type of pill, whereas the other arm may consist of patients receiving a placebo pill (i.e., containing no active medication). Furthermore, some clinical trials may have more than 2 arms, such as an arm of patients receiving standard-of-care medication plus a new type of pill, an arm of patients receiving a new type of pill, and an arm of patients receiving standard-of-care medication plus placebo.
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