Gynecomastia is the most common male breast disorder. It is not a tumor, but just an increase in the amount of a man's breast tissue. Usually, men have too little breast tissue to be felt or noticed. A man with gynecomastia has a buttonlike or disklike growth under his nipple and areola, which can be felt and sometimes seen. In teenage boys, gynecomastia is common and is due to changes in hormone balance during adolescence. In older men, gynecomastia is not unusual and is also due to changes in hormone balance.
Rarely, gynecomastia can occur because tumors or diseases of certain endocrine (hormone-producing) glands cause a man's body to produce more estrogen (the main female hormone). Although men's endocrine glands normally produce some estrogen, it is not enough to cause breast growth. Diseases of the liver, which is an important organ in male and female hormone metabolism, can change a man's hormone balance and lead to gynecomastia.
Many commonly prescribed medications sometimes can cause gynecomastia. These medicines include some drugs used to treat ulcers, heartburn, high blood pressure, and heart failure. Men with gynecomastia should ask their doctors whether any medications they are taking might be causing this condition.
Klinefelter's syndrome, a rare genetic condition, also can lead to gynecomastia.
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