Lymph nodes, glands that are part of the immune system, are present in various parts of the body. Cells in the lymph nodes help to prevent and overcome infections.
Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream and the lymphatic system. Because cancer cells can spread through the lymphatic system to lymph nodes and other parts of the body, knowing whether breast cancer cells are present in lymph nodes near the breast (a condition called lymph node involvement) can help determine the stage of breast cancer (i.e., how far the cancer has already spread).
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