Some genes have mutations or mistakes, which means that they do not perform properly. Such mutations are very common. Almost everyone has some form of abnormal genes in some of the cells of their body. Mutations can either be inherited or occur during the course of a person's lifetime. Although most mutations are harmless, some can increase your risk of developing certain diseases, such as breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Research has determined that a specific gene mutation is found in some families with a history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer. These abnormalities, which are rare, are found in genes named BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene 1 and BReast CAncer gene 2).
Although the normal version of these genes do not harm its carrier, the abnormal BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with higher rates of breast and/or ovarian cancer. For example. the risk of developing breast cancer is 3 to 7 times higher in women with abnormal BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes than is the risk for other women.
Nevertheless, not all women with abnormalities in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes develop breast cancer or ovarian cancer during their lives. Women with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene have a 50% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Women with a mutation in BRCA2 gene have a 50%-60% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.[1]
BRCA1 and BRCA2 abnormalities are found in about 5% to 10% of breast cancers. It is important to remember that all women, even women without BRCA1 and BRCA2 abnormalities and women without a family history of breast cancer, have some risk of developing breast cancer or ovarian cancer in their lifetimes. For example, women without a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have a 12% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.[1]
Unlike genetic factors, which we cannot control, there are many controllable risk factors for breast cancer. The key is to not allow yourself to be consumed with worry. A healthy lifestyle and a positive attitude are great contributors to maintaining wellness.
REFERENCE:
1. American Cancer Society. Glossary
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