Breast cancer is an illness that can affect all women. For women lacking mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer is 12%.[1]
Based on statistics, a woman with an altered (mutated) BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene is statistically 3 to 7 times more likely to develop breast cancer or ovarian cancer than a woman without these genetic alterations.
However, not every woman with an altered BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene will get breast cancer or ovarian cancer. For women with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene, the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer is 50%. For women with a mutation in the BRCA2 gene, the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer is 50%-60%.[1]
Remember that genetics is one of a myriad of risk factors for breast cancer and ovarian cancer. An altered gene does not guarantee the development of breast cancer or ovarian cancer.
The first step after testing positive for an abnormality in a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene is to consult with your doctor. Together you can determine the best course of action and decide on a preventive strategy. Strategies include:
Risk Avoidance. Risk avoidance involves engaging in behaviors believed to reduce your risk of cancer, such as changing dietary habits, limiting alcohol consumption, exercising regularly, and losing excess weight. This step is generally recommended for everyone, whatever your risk level. Note that women with BRCA1 mutations who breastfed their infants for more than one year were less likely to have breast cancer than did women with BRCA1 mutations who never nursed. [Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2004. 96(14):1094-1098].
Diligent Surveillance. Surveillance for breast cancer means having clinical breast exams and mammograms at least once a year. Monthly breast self-examination (BSE) also is vital. Performing monthly BSEs will give you a sense of breast familiarity, which can help you detect any changes in your breasts.
Preventative Measures. If you test positive for a genetic abnormality and have other compelling risk factors, you may elect to take a more proactive approach, such as taking the medication tamoxifen, which could help reduce your risk of developing breast cancer. You also might want to consider preventative (prophylactic) surgical removal of your breasts, ovaries, or both before cancer has the opportunity to develop. Participating in a clinical trial in breast cancer prevention may be another option for exploring alternative methods or new medications for reducing risk.
The key is to not allow yourself to be consumed with worry. A healthy lifestyle and a positive attitude are great contributors to wellness.
REFERENCE:
1. American Cancer Society. Glossary.
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