BRCA1 stands for BReast CAncer gene one, and BRCA2, or BReast CAncer gene two. As the function of these genes is to keep breast cells growing normally and to prevent any growth of breast cancer cells, these genes are considered to be tumor suppressor genes.
However, when these genes contain abnormalities (called mutations), the abnormal genes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
Women who have an abnormal BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene have a higher risk of developing breast cancer or ovarian cancer than do other women. For example, women with mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 have a 3 to 7 times higher risk of developing breast cancer than do women lacking these genetic abnormalities.
However, not all women with an abnormality in BRCA1 or BRCA2 develop breast cancer or ovarian cancer. Women with a mutation in BRCA1 have a 50% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Women with a mutation in BRCA2 have a 50%-60% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.
There are medical options that women with an abnormal BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene can consider in order to lower their risk of developing breast cancer.
Abnormal BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes may account for up to 10% of all breast cancers. Women diagnosed with breast cancer who have an abnormal BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene often have a family history of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or both.
However, it's important to remember that most women with breast cancer have no alterations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and no family history of the disease.
Of course, we can not control our genetic make-up. On the other hand, many risk factors for breast cancer are controllable. The key is to not allow yourself to be consumed by worry. A healthy lifestyle and a positive attitude are great contributors to maintaining wellness.
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